Mekanoreseptor: Sistem Auditori pada Reptil

Mendeteksi arus air, mempertahankan keseimbangan, dan mendengar suara dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan mekanoreseptor, yaitu sel-sel sensor yang responsive terhadap perubahan-perubahan kecil karena adanya ransangan mekanis. Sebagian besar mekanoreseptor tersusun oleh organ neuromast yang terdiri dari kumpulan sel-sel rambut, sel pendukung, dan serabut saraf sensori. Organ neuromast atau segala macam bentuk modifikasinya adalah komponen utama dari tiga tipe mekanoreseptor, yakni sistem gurat sisi yang mendeteksi arus air, sistem apparatus vestibular yang mendeteksi perubahan keseimbangan, dan sistem auditori yang merespon suara.

Pada sistem auditori, lagena dilibatkan dalam proses pendengaran. Pada lagena, atau koklea pada mamalia, terdapat reseptor sensor suara. Reseptor ini disebut organ korti yang merupakan neuromast terspesialisasi. Organ ini terhubung dengan otak melalui saraf auditori.

Apa yang disebut oleh kebanyakan orang sebagai telinga pada burung dan mamalia sebenarnya lebih tepat disebut sebagai pinna (sirip). Bentuk pinna yang tidak beraturan membantu membedakan suara yang datang dari arah yang berbeda untuk kemudian disalurkan ke dalam meatus pendengaran eksternal.

Pada kebanyakan reptile, udara menggetarkan tympanum. Hal ini memberikan sinyal atau gerakan kepada extracolumella dan stapes (tulang sanggurdi) yang mengirimkan getaran ke telinga bagian dalam. Area utama yang sensitive terhadap suara pada telinga bagian dalam adalah lagena yang sedikit mengembang. Reseptor utamanya adalah papilla auditori yang distimulasi oleh getaran suara yang dikirimkan ke cairan telinga bagian dalam.

Telinga ular, berbeda dengan kebanyakan reptile lain, tidak memiliki tympanum. Melalui ligament yang pendek, stapes melekat pada ujung tulang kuadrat rahang atas, dan ujung lain yang terhubung dengan fenestro ovalis. Meskipun kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa ular tuli, eksperimen menyangkal hal ini. Rekaman aktivitas elektrik dari area otak yang dilalui saraf auditori menunjukkan bahwa telinga bagian dalam ular responsive terhadap seismic dan getaran udara, meskipun jangkauan sensitivitasnya terbatas. 

***

Catatan: Tulisan ini merupakan tugas mata kuliah Anatomi Perbandingan Vertebrata 2017. Tidak diperkenankan dijadikan bahan referensi. Bahan referensi silakan merujuk pada buku acuan.

***

Buku acuan : Vertebrate : Comparative Anatomy, Function, and Evolution by Kenneth V. Kardong

Big Changes are Started from The Small

I just passed this phase where I felt lonely because no one had the same thoughts and mindset I have regarding how stuff going on in this uni.

I was determined to change the system, the people's mindsets, the people. But what power do I have if they don't even want to change themselves first? This is where stuff got rough because I just lost my hopes. It's like, why would I bother sacrificing myself for people ain't worth my time, they didn't even bother changing themselves to change the world they demanded for, they didn't even appreciate my sweat. Not so many people wanted to change stuff, and what could I change if I put myself in a battle consisting of me and only myself? I was thinking of quitting at this point, and decided to just think about my academic life. I have a lot to strive for anyways. One of which is going overseas through scholarships and coming back later, wishing to spread kindness and usefulness, and influence people to, at least, make my surrounding better. And boom. The thought just popped up: how could this mission be accomplished if I couldn't even change the stuff I talked about before? How could I go overseas, wishing to get some lessons in life and coming back later to influence other people and change my country for the better if I couldn't even change this small surrounding where I am now?

Enough ranting about other people who wouldn't change themselves because I just realised that I am one of them too. What makes me any different from them if I don't want to keep going in this battle? I wish to accomplish a bigger mission but I can't even make me motivated enough to finish the smaller mission I have started. From here now on, I have to change myself. I have to change my thoughts about how a certain amount of people can change the world. No. That is not right. Who says one person can't change the world? One thing to remember: big changes are started from a small change. As small as how you change your way of thinking. Be optimistic. Have some hopes hanging high. Strive to the last.

A True Love Short Story

"On one evening Rasulullah intended to go to a sudden discussion in the wake of isya', leaving Aisyah at home. Aisyah waited for a quite long time, yet Rasulullah did not soon come. Time passed by, until close to midnight. In reality Aisyah had been feeling so sleepy yet she was so in love with her husband. She did not want if later Rasulullah came home there would be no one who opened the door for him. Aisyah then sat leaning against the door overnight waiting for Rasulullah, until she fell asleep.

On the other side of the door, someone was asleep within a position of sitting leaning against the door either. He is Rasulullah. Actually, the Majlis he visited finished somewhat soluble because it was very important. However, Rasulullah did not dare to knock the door because he thought that Aisyah had been asleep. He was so in love with Aisyah so as he did not have the heart to wake her up. A prophet, the Messenger of Allah, who was highly respected by millions of people of its time, chose to sleep on the porch leaning against the door of his house because did not want to wake Aisyah whom he loved so much.

The last third of the night approached. There, we found two servants of Allah who loved each other. Aisyah who chose to wait Rasulullah came home until she fell asleep leaning on the door because of her love. Rasulullah who was asleep leaning on the other side of the same door because he thought that Aisyah had been asleep and did not want to wake her up."

Subhanallah...

STFT 2K14

STFT is short for Smala Training For A Freshman Trainer, if I'm not mistaken. It's a...training, of course. Well, this training taught us about how to be a great senior, since we're going to be seniors in the next few months. Oh, I'm talking about the 10th grader students as the participant, anyway. Whispers, it's Smalane16!

I'm not going to talk about how to be a great senior or how does a great senior look like or how should a senior act so that s/he looks great (well, a great senior doesn't act because s/he's not a fake great senior) or etc, etc.

Otherwise, since I also participated in this training, I'm gonna tell you how was the training going. It was fun! At least, enough.

This training was held for two days a night, April 5th - 6th, by an EO or a company or idk-how-to-name-them but clearly they call themselves as Pyramida, the subordinates of Cartenz HRD (google their name if you want to know more).

The crew who trained us

Oh, sure we had a camp. Unfortunately, but not that unfortunate, we had a camp in our own lovely school. If you're asking why, blame the education department (re: diknas). They didn't allow us to hold this event out-of-town.

No need to talk elaborately, we had 3 materials in total to be studied, some games to be played, and of course tons of lessons to be drawn.

During those awesomely great materials-giving-time, I got soooo many lessons, like srsly. Even though couple times boredom and sleepiness hit me in the face. So I got these weird doodles to keep my soul staying there.

blablabla, ignore this

Oho, despite I made those weird doodles and graffiti, I didn't just focus on them, don't get me wrong. I also listened and payed attention fully at the trainer, Mr. Doddy (hey! he's an alumni, anw).

here's the evidence, haha:p

We had 5 or 6 hours for 2 materials in the first day before we got a dinner. And I utilized this time to get back together with my classmates (because they did split us and made a new group before, didn't I already tell you? I didn't? Ha, I forgot. Sorry).

Didn't want to waste time like this, we took some selfies to perpetuate this sort of moment. (or maybe because we just wanted to channel our narcissistic feels). It's because of Fitra! (she's our narcissistic queen). She turned us on by holding his phone right in front of us and did some disgustingly cute poses wanting to take photos of her beautiful face. *vomits*

If you're asking why there're only 8 girls instead of 21, it's because this is not a fardhu 'ain event. It's a fardhu kifayah. *HAHAH what even, bleh*

Actually, after the dinner, we had a campfire but I didn't take photos of it, so... That's a loss. Cause it was so fun! Instead, after the campfire, we took our generation pics (re: foto angkatan). The idea was good. Really good. But we didn't get the result just as what we want.

This is not what it should be

This is what it should be

I think I need to stop writing now. I don't know what to write anymore. It's actually lots. And I don't know how to pour all of that lots moments in words because...it's just too lots! Lastly,

STFT 2K14 WAS JUST SO FUN!

SMALANE 2016

KAMI BISA!

Hi, I'm Back!!

After a long time of went missing, I finally got this sort of urge to write. To write something when I have nothing on my head. I don't know what to talk about, so...bye.

Exams are coming really soon!

I've got my schedule for exams. This week, next, and next of the next week will full of exams. Ready or not, be ready!

I'll have four stages of exams. First: final exams. Second: written-practice test. Third: school exams.

This month will be a tough month, I guess. Oh well, it hasn't finished yet. I still have another schedule. This one is the most sinister! Since I'm not ready yet. The last stage of exams: NATIONAL EXAM! /dies/

Like you just saw, I can't be here for too long. I need to study more. More more more and more hard. Please pray for me. Hope I get tons of luck!

Unpredictable (Untouchable+Unreadable)

Do you think an unpredictable and an untouchable girl matches with an unpredictable and an unreadable boy?

Because this girl has fallen in love with him...

Quotes, Education, Latin Proverb

"By teaching you will learn. By learning you will teach."

Latin Proverb

Quotes, Love, Missing you

This is my feeling now, for you.

Quotes, LDR, Love, Expectation

"One day I'll hold your hand and we'll watch the sunset together."

Quotes, LDR

"Though miles may lie between us, we're never far apart. Love doesn't count the miles, it's measured by the heart."

Quotes, Love

"Sometimes you have to be apart from people you love, but that doesn't make you love them any less. Sometimes you love them more."

My Special One~

So sorry I haven't posted something this long. But now, I really want to tell you guys about...my special one~ hihi. You guys who did read my previous post, of course you know who I mean.

He's Korean. South Korean more precisely. He's soooooooo kind. I repeat, he's oh so kind! I've never met someone like him before. This far. I hope he won't be changed. I mean, yeah you know what I mean lol.

You must be wondering how could I meet him. The first time we talked, I thought he was the same as the others. Same as the Koreans. Because of what? He made me resentful. I got mad at him. He noticed and said sorry. He didn't mean to make me mad. He just wanted to encourage me. Oh man, yeah, I did misunderstand.

From there, I think, we became closer. We talked about our culture, country, and yeah something like that. But we didn't talk that often. He's a high school student. So busy with his school thingy. 

It's been 10 days we didn't talk. He sent me a message. He told me that he's too busy. He always busy as usual. Of course I know. All of my Korean friends told me that Korean High School students are really have a busy day. Everyday.

Even though we talked in once/10days, omg lol, I like him. The way he talks to me is just different from the other Korean boys I've ever met. I think that what makes me like him.

The last message he sent me, I sent message back to him. But he just has seen it without replies it. Uh-oh I felt disappointed again. But oh  I remember that he's a high school student so me try to understand.

We hadn't talk in a month! Omg. I missed him. I wanna send him a message but I always think twice. I'm afraid that will be disturbed him.

After that crisis moment, lol, I thought of how about to install Kakao Talk messenger on my phone. I did install it. And~ tadah~ I just installed it but I found Kim Jun Young on my friend list. Aha! I just remember that I saved his number. Oops did I say his name just now? :x

I chatted him first. I asked him does he remember me. He answered--with the way he talks as usual--that he noticed it was me. Omg I'm really happy! I thought he forgets me already.

In one, two days we didn't talk... I missed him already again because we didn't talk that much. I chatted him again. He answered surprisingly. Woaaaaah. I thought he would be said why do I always disturb him, lol.

He said that he was waiting for me. I asked why. Because he missed me. Omgomgomg yeah I've the same feeling with you, Junyoung! I missed you--I mean, I miss you--so damn much. We talked in about 2 hours I think. We talked about everything--not everything actually, lol. It's such an awesome moment for me to talk with him. I like him.

Guess what? He said that he likes me, too. Because I'm kind. We like each other, lol. Yay yay I'm so happy hihi. Thank you. Maybe this is the first time he knows Indonesian. But most of Indonesians are kind, I told you. I'm not arrogant but that's the truth.

And, that's not the end of our conversation. We did send voice note each other, too. Finally I can hear his voice, hihi. I sent him a voice note/voice talk, I talked to him with my trembling voice lol I'm too excited and nervous. I talked in a little Korean, too. But with a stammered voice XD That's embarrassing.

He's my special one I think after that moment. Because he's so kind to me. My special Korean friend one precisely.

And we ended our conversation up because it's time for him to study. Study well, Junyoung! Can we talk again and send voice note each other if you've some spare time? I'm waiting for you!:)

Untitled

It's been a long time since my last entry. I'm too busy lazy to write everything that just happened. I do really have dozens of stories to be told. I do really want to tell you about them. This is just about my laziness and my freakin bad connection. Geez.

I just don't want you to wait for this, but just be patient. Because I'm not sure I'll post them here. Lol.

Don't waste your time for waiting something that is uncertain.

Quotes, One Liter of Tears

"On the opposite coast of sadness, is something called a smile"

"The purpose isn't to run away, it's to chase after dreams"

"Be strong, go forward, move ahead"


K - Only Human

Our Cutest Couple in 'Perkeddel' (8D 2K11-2K12)

Why do I say them as 'the cutest couple'? Because they started their relationship in this 8 grade and~ there's nothing couple else in 8D. Just they're. Guess who, guess who!!

Husband, their son, wifey~

Yes they're! LOL. Where and when was this pic taken? Nadhif's house, today...this evening.

We had an iftar together (re: buber) this evening. With Perkeddel family. All of 8D's member and our homeroom teacher--Mr. Ali Ridho. No, I mean, almost of 8D's member because some of them didn't come. They couldn't for some reasons :(

In our breaking time, we decided to ask them to take a family picture together. The two of them, you can guess who they're. But who's between them? Their son? XD Well, we called him their son XD

Rino, son, Virna

LOL I'm kidding you. He's Mr. Ali's son. He really looks so cute, right? :3

So, about the couple, Virna found her good looking boyfriend in 8D. Finally she could move on after one year of waiting. They're such a cutie couple. Really. You'll be smiling at them when you see their style of dating.

"Moving on is a wise firmness of the heart" -- Mario Teguh

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Birthday Trap

One of my classmate birthday today. Can you guess who? Let me tell you the truth about what's really going on today.

This is happened in the English class. Mrs. Sulaichah--my Eng teacher--came in to my class with no expression. As usual. She just sit on the teacher chair. And tried to observe the entire of the class. I just curious about what she's looking at. I thought she's looking for someone who missed her class.

And shortly thereafter--I thought she had found what she was looking for--she moved from her seat and continue the lessons. We learned about procedure chapter. So suddenly she told us to make one procedure text about manual instructions and chose one people to write his/her work on the whiteboard. Riko was elected.

While Riko wrote his work on the whiteboard, she told us to continue our work and correct Riko's work at the same time. Lol, I know how's Riko expression at that time. So nervous, trembling, and...scared? Because Mrs. Sulaichah just looking at him with an expression of wanted to kill.

Every time he scraped marker, every words he wrote, every moves he did, Mrs. Sulaichah still looking at him, put disappointment expressions like an anger.

After Riko did his work, she started to search for his mistakes. He yelled out by her. Riko really did his work so badly. She's really angry at him. And she gave him a punishment. Dancing or singing in front of the class. Everyone in the class started to support and laugh at him. I just felt it's weird. She rarely did something like this.

After that, she asked him what day it is while she embraced him, and started to smile. "Uhm...my birthday?" Riko answered with shaky voice, lol. Suddenly, Birthday song's booming in the entire of the class. Everyone sang him a birthday song. And he just laugh at. He looked very relieved--that Mrs. Sulaichah didn't really mad at him.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, TO YOU. HAPPY BIRTHDAY, TO YOU. HAPPY BIRTHDAY, OUR RIKO... HAPPY BIRTHDAY, RIKO~~

Mrs. Sulaichah said sorry at him. And said 'happy birthday', tho. She pray for him. And finally she admitted that she didn't really mad at him. It just a birthday trap for him.

Aha~ I just realized it! A while ago, just as the bell rang, Arum, Thea, and Mira came out of the classroom. They asked Mrs. Sulaichah to trap Riko up. LOL. Quite funny things. You can try it in your class XD

I forgot one thing. After Mrs. Sulaichah said that it was a trap, she wanted all of us to say happy birthday to Riko and pray for him. The first one who said and prayed for him after her is Syania! Someone who's rumored that Riko likes her and she likes him. So cutie moment!

"Happy Birthday, Riko. Hope you can reach your goal this year, more handsome, more kindly, more clever, more more more and more for best wishes. Just believe that we can meet in Smala next year. And last, don't forget to treat us! Lol."

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The 1st Unforgettable Memory in 9 RSBI C

I didn't think the incident in the 7th grade would be repeated today in 9th grade. Which incident? When we watched a horror movie together!!

Yes, we watched The Woman in Black this afternoon. At first, Arum just wanted to copy my recommended Korean Drama, 49 Days. But when she saw my movies folder, she saw this horror movie and suddenly she wanted to watch it at that time.

We watched it in the hour of rest. By itself, suddenly, everyone in the class came together. We watched in comfort but also uptight. Especially for Arum and Thea. Their horror expressions really made me want to laugh, lol.

There's about 15 students who watched this movie together.

In the first round of the movie, Thea just curious about. She keep asking me some questions and I said "Just watch and find out by yourself" with smirk expression on my face.

When the movie started spooky and scary, Arum--who's beside me when we watched this--suddenly gripped my arm tightly while she closed her eyes and screamed out when something sinister appeared. I just laughed at her with what she did. That's so funny, lol.

And in the middle of the movie, when we really curious and uptight about the movie, suddenly Alkin came and asked us "What's the score?" and we just upset. LOL. We did watch a horror movie. Not a football game.  #WrongSlang (?)

But...

We just ended up with a feeling of disappointment because an hour of rest was ended before the movie ended.

And tomorrow, we've a plan that we'll watch this continued movie and Saw--the other horror movie.

"The Woman in Black"

"She'll never let go"

"Don't Watch it Alone"