Mekanoreseptor: Sistem Auditori pada Reptil

Mendeteksi arus air, mempertahankan keseimbangan, dan mendengar suara dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan mekanoreseptor, yaitu sel-sel sensor yang responsive terhadap perubahan-perubahan kecil karena adanya ransangan mekanis. Sebagian besar mekanoreseptor tersusun oleh organ neuromast yang terdiri dari kumpulan sel-sel rambut, sel pendukung, dan serabut saraf sensori. Organ neuromast atau segala macam bentuk modifikasinya adalah komponen utama dari tiga tipe mekanoreseptor, yakni sistem gurat sisi yang mendeteksi arus air, sistem apparatus vestibular yang mendeteksi perubahan keseimbangan, dan sistem auditori yang merespon suara.

Pada sistem auditori, lagena dilibatkan dalam proses pendengaran. Pada lagena, atau koklea pada mamalia, terdapat reseptor sensor suara. Reseptor ini disebut organ korti yang merupakan neuromast terspesialisasi. Organ ini terhubung dengan otak melalui saraf auditori.

Apa yang disebut oleh kebanyakan orang sebagai telinga pada burung dan mamalia sebenarnya lebih tepat disebut sebagai pinna (sirip). Bentuk pinna yang tidak beraturan membantu membedakan suara yang datang dari arah yang berbeda untuk kemudian disalurkan ke dalam meatus pendengaran eksternal.

Pada kebanyakan reptile, udara menggetarkan tympanum. Hal ini memberikan sinyal atau gerakan kepada extracolumella dan stapes (tulang sanggurdi) yang mengirimkan getaran ke telinga bagian dalam. Area utama yang sensitive terhadap suara pada telinga bagian dalam adalah lagena yang sedikit mengembang. Reseptor utamanya adalah papilla auditori yang distimulasi oleh getaran suara yang dikirimkan ke cairan telinga bagian dalam.

Telinga ular, berbeda dengan kebanyakan reptile lain, tidak memiliki tympanum. Melalui ligament yang pendek, stapes melekat pada ujung tulang kuadrat rahang atas, dan ujung lain yang terhubung dengan fenestro ovalis. Meskipun kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa ular tuli, eksperimen menyangkal hal ini. Rekaman aktivitas elektrik dari area otak yang dilalui saraf auditori menunjukkan bahwa telinga bagian dalam ular responsive terhadap seismic dan getaran udara, meskipun jangkauan sensitivitasnya terbatas. 

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Catatan: Tulisan ini merupakan tugas mata kuliah Anatomi Perbandingan Vertebrata 2017. Tidak diperkenankan dijadikan bahan referensi. Bahan referensi silakan merujuk pada buku acuan.

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Buku acuan : Vertebrate : Comparative Anatomy, Function, and Evolution by Kenneth V. Kardong

Big Changes are Started from The Small

I just passed this phase where I felt lonely because no one had the same thoughts and mindset I have regarding how stuff going on in this uni.

I was determined to change the system, the people's mindsets, the people. But what power do I have if they don't even want to change themselves first? This is where stuff got rough because I just lost my hopes. It's like, why would I bother sacrificing myself for people ain't worth my time, they didn't even bother changing themselves to change the world they demanded for, they didn't even appreciate my sweat. Not so many people wanted to change stuff, and what could I change if I put myself in a battle consisting of me and only myself? I was thinking of quitting at this point, and decided to just think about my academic life. I have a lot to strive for anyways. One of which is going overseas through scholarships and coming back later, wishing to spread kindness and usefulness, and influence people to, at least, make my surrounding better. And boom. The thought just popped up: how could this mission be accomplished if I couldn't even change the stuff I talked about before? How could I go overseas, wishing to get some lessons in life and coming back later to influence other people and change my country for the better if I couldn't even change this small surrounding where I am now?

Enough ranting about other people who wouldn't change themselves because I just realised that I am one of them too. What makes me any different from them if I don't want to keep going in this battle? I wish to accomplish a bigger mission but I can't even make me motivated enough to finish the smaller mission I have started. From here now on, I have to change myself. I have to change my thoughts about how a certain amount of people can change the world. No. That is not right. Who says one person can't change the world? One thing to remember: big changes are started from a small change. As small as how you change your way of thinking. Be optimistic. Have some hopes hanging high. Strive to the last.

A True Love Short Story

"On one evening Rasulullah intended to go to a sudden discussion in the wake of isya', leaving Aisyah at home. Aisyah waited for a quite long time, yet Rasulullah did not soon come. Time passed by, until close to midnight. In reality Aisyah had been feeling so sleepy yet she was so in love with her husband. She did not want if later Rasulullah came home there would be no one who opened the door for him. Aisyah then sat leaning against the door overnight waiting for Rasulullah, until she fell asleep.

On the other side of the door, someone was asleep within a position of sitting leaning against the door either. He is Rasulullah. Actually, the Majlis he visited finished somewhat soluble because it was very important. However, Rasulullah did not dare to knock the door because he thought that Aisyah had been asleep. He was so in love with Aisyah so as he did not have the heart to wake her up. A prophet, the Messenger of Allah, who was highly respected by millions of people of its time, chose to sleep on the porch leaning against the door of his house because did not want to wake Aisyah whom he loved so much.

The last third of the night approached. There, we found two servants of Allah who loved each other. Aisyah who chose to wait Rasulullah came home until she fell asleep leaning on the door because of her love. Rasulullah who was asleep leaning on the other side of the same door because he thought that Aisyah had been asleep and did not want to wake her up."

Subhanallah...

STFT 2K14

STFT is short for Smala Training For A Freshman Trainer, if I'm not mistaken. It's a...training, of course. Well, this training taught us about how to be a great senior, since we're going to be seniors in the next few months. Oh, I'm talking about the 10th grader students as the participant, anyway. Whispers, it's Smalane16!

I'm not going to talk about how to be a great senior or how does a great senior look like or how should a senior act so that s/he looks great (well, a great senior doesn't act because s/he's not a fake great senior) or etc, etc.

Otherwise, since I also participated in this training, I'm gonna tell you how was the training going. It was fun! At least, enough.

This training was held for two days a night, April 5th - 6th, by an EO or a company or idk-how-to-name-them but clearly they call themselves as Pyramida, the subordinates of Cartenz HRD (google their name if you want to know more).

The crew who trained us

Oh, sure we had a camp. Unfortunately, but not that unfortunate, we had a camp in our own lovely school. If you're asking why, blame the education department (re: diknas). They didn't allow us to hold this event out-of-town.

No need to talk elaborately, we had 3 materials in total to be studied, some games to be played, and of course tons of lessons to be drawn.

During those awesomely great materials-giving-time, I got soooo many lessons, like srsly. Even though couple times boredom and sleepiness hit me in the face. So I got these weird doodles to keep my soul staying there.

blablabla, ignore this

Oho, despite I made those weird doodles and graffiti, I didn't just focus on them, don't get me wrong. I also listened and payed attention fully at the trainer, Mr. Doddy (hey! he's an alumni, anw).

here's the evidence, haha:p

We had 5 or 6 hours for 2 materials in the first day before we got a dinner. And I utilized this time to get back together with my classmates (because they did split us and made a new group before, didn't I already tell you? I didn't? Ha, I forgot. Sorry).

Didn't want to waste time like this, we took some selfies to perpetuate this sort of moment. (or maybe because we just wanted to channel our narcissistic feels). It's because of Fitra! (she's our narcissistic queen). She turned us on by holding his phone right in front of us and did some disgustingly cute poses wanting to take photos of her beautiful face. *vomits*

If you're asking why there're only 8 girls instead of 21, it's because this is not a fardhu 'ain event. It's a fardhu kifayah. *HAHAH what even, bleh*

Actually, after the dinner, we had a campfire but I didn't take photos of it, so... That's a loss. Cause it was so fun! Instead, after the campfire, we took our generation pics (re: foto angkatan). The idea was good. Really good. But we didn't get the result just as what we want.

This is not what it should be

This is what it should be

I think I need to stop writing now. I don't know what to write anymore. It's actually lots. And I don't know how to pour all of that lots moments in words because...it's just too lots! Lastly,

STFT 2K14 WAS JUST SO FUN!

SMALANE 2016

KAMI BISA!

Hi, I'm Back!!

After a long time of went missing, I finally got this sort of urge to write. To write something when I have nothing on my head. I don't know what to talk about, so...bye.

Exams are coming really soon!

I've got my schedule for exams. This week, next, and next of the next week will full of exams. Ready or not, be ready!

I'll have four stages of exams. First: final exams. Second: written-practice test. Third: school exams.

This month will be a tough month, I guess. Oh well, it hasn't finished yet. I still have another schedule. This one is the most sinister! Since I'm not ready yet. The last stage of exams: NATIONAL EXAM! /dies/

Like you just saw, I can't be here for too long. I need to study more. More more more and more hard. Please pray for me. Hope I get tons of luck!

Unpredictable (Untouchable+Unreadable)

Do you think an unpredictable and an untouchable girl matches with an unpredictable and an unreadable boy?

Because this girl has fallen in love with him...